Unit 6. GLOBAL WARMING
Part I.
PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. genius B.
gorilla C. global D. gases
2. A. pollution B. poaching C. physical D. pesticide
3. A. warming B.
warn C. walk D. wasn't
4. A. floor B . flood C. moorland D. door
5. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate
the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. campaign B. global C. balance D. carbon
7. A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. habitat
8. A. rainforest B. tropical C. discover D. animal
9. A. pollution B. continue C. enormous D. disappear
10. A. devastated B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
Part II.
VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
11. We need to cut down on the emission of
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. intake B. retake C. uptake D. discharge
12. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation.
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. logging D. lawn mowing
13. In the past, a lot of countries denied
having contributed to global warming.
A. agreed B. refuted C. approved D. avoided
14. Most people admit that they contribute to
global warming.
A. be partly responsible for B. disapprove C. neglect D. cause
15. We must admit that people are heavily
polluting the environment.
A. decline B. rebut C. deny D. accept
16. In the polluted environment, infectious
diseases can be passed easily from one person to another.
A. fatal B. safe C. contagious D. immune
17. Global warming has severe impact on water
supplies.
A. very good B. very bad C. normal D. long-lasting
18. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere trap the heat
from the sun.
A. catch B. discharge C. dispose D. release
19. Such unhygienic conditions encourage the spread
of diseases.
A. decline B. stability C. decrease D. increase
20. Deforestation is one of the biggest
environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world.
A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety
21. As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is
important for the government to find
some types of alternative energy.
A. irreplaceable B.
substitute C. impossible D. practical
22. Local people have cut down the forests to make
way for farming.
A. allow farming to take place B. lose way in farming
C. have a way of farming D. give way to farming
23. Because farmers had been informed about the bad
effects of chemical fertilisers,
they started using them sparingly on their farms.
A. carelessly B. moderately C. recklessly D. irresponsibly
24. Global warming is one of the biggest issues
facing humans nowadays.
A. causes B. factors C. concerns D. agreements
25. The biggest cause of global warming is carbon
dioxide emissions from coal burning
power plants.
A. fauna B. flora C. trees D. factories
26. Global warming effects on people and nature are catastrophic.
A. destructive B. constructive C. evaluative D. creative
27. Coal burning releases a large amount of
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. discourages B. reduces C. relaxes D. discharges
28. The demand for cars is increasing rapidly
in the modern world.
A. need B. offer C . reply D. discovery
29. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere.
A. take up B. take in C. take over D. take to
30. The process of forests absorbing carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere has been disrupted by the current alarming
rate of deforestation.
A. discussed B. discovered C. disturbed D. distributed
31. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine.
A. family B. obesity C. hygiene D. hunger
32. Water shortages are likely to delay
economic growth and damage ecosystems.
A. aid B. advance C. deter D. defer
33. It is important to maintain the biological diversity
of the rainforests.
A. similarity B. identity C. variety D. compatibility
34. We may help if we cut down on energy use
by using LED lightbulbs and unplug
unused electronic devices.
A. reuse B. reduce C. recycle D. reproduce
35. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and
other products help to reduce waste
and pollution, and conserve natural resources.
A. preserve B.
reserve C. converse D. reverse
36. The thick layer of global warming gases keeps
more heat from the sun, which leads
to the increase in the earth temperature.
A. catches B. releases C. allows D. loses
37. Global warming results in climate change
and extreme weather patterns.
A. results from B. causes C. originates D. is due to
38. Our city is going to ban supermarkets
from using plastic bags.
A. reduce B. encourage C. prohibit D.
allow
39. Many species are threatened with
extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. damaged B. spoilt C. treated D. endangered
40. It is important to raise money to help
people who have to suffer consequences of global warming.
A. collect B. donate C. sponsor D. contribute
41. Everyone should remember to switch off
the lights before going out.
A. go off B. turn off C. take off D. log off
42. We may help to control global warming by reducing
carbon footprints in our
homes.
A. putting up with B. getting down to C.
cutting down on D.
going back to
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
43. Cutting down on energy use is the best
way to help reduce global warming.
A. Shrinking B. Declining C. Decreasing D. Increasing
44. We should grow more trees so that they can absorb
more carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
A. emit B. take in C. consume D . cut off
45. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere can lead to global warming.
A. result in B. result from C.
cause D. activate
46. Farmers turned to bio-fertilisers after
they had been told about the dangers of chemical fertilisers.
A. trusted B. disbelieved C. counted on D. depended on
47. The factory owner denied having said that
he should take responsibility for the damage that his factory caused to
the surrounding environment.
A. refuted B. rejected C. opposed D. accepted
48. Some scientists are accused of not having
reported the effects of climate change.
A. exonerated B. blamed C. charged D. complained
49. They were criticised for having acted
irresponsibly towards the environment.
A. blamed B. commended C. condemned D. denounced
50. The factory was fined for having dumped a
huge amount of rubbish into the river.
A. penalised B. levied C. compensated D. punished
Part III.
GRAMMAR
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
51. With clear evidence, his company couldn't
deny having dump a large quantity of toxins into the sea.
A B C D
52. Humans now have to suffer the effects
of global warming due to having treat the environment irresponsibly.
A B C D
53. Having denied the responsibility for
the environmental it caused, the factory was forced to
close down.
A B C D
54. Having been warn about the relationship between
climate change and the
spread of infectious diseases,
A B C
everyone should get vaccinated.
D
55. These companies were accused on having
released a large amount of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere.
A B
C D
56. Having deciding on the topic of the
presentation, he started finding relevant information for
it.
A B C D
57. Having known about the harmful affects
the company had on our neighbourhood,
we decided to boycott its
A B
C D
products.
58. Having signed an agreement to reduce
carbon dioxide emissions, we were determined to help reduced
A B C D
global warming.
59. Having identified the most urgent
environmental problems, they start working out all possible solutions.
A B C
D
60. Having spent all their saving money,
they started do some odd jobs to make ends meet.
A B C D
61. Having cutting down many trees in the
area, now the people here have to suffer really hot
summers.
A B C D
62. Having decided to use public transport instead
private transport, we were
determined
to reduce carbon
A B C D
footprints.
63. Having cycled to work every day, I
become more responsibly for the environmental issues.
A B C D
64. Having watched TV programmes about the
farmers' careless use of chemical fertilisers on they crops,
many
A B C
citizen dwellers decided to grow their own vegetables.
D
65. Having suffered water shortage in the
past, we are all very economic on using water.
A B C
D
66. Having change our attitude to nature,
we started changing our behaviours as well.
A B C D
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
67. The president of the company officially
apologised to the local residents ____ having dumped a large amount of
raw sewage in the area.
A. about B. with C. at D. for
68. The factory was accused ____ having caused higher level
of pollution to the environment.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
69. We all admire him ____ having changed both his
attitude and behaviours towards the environmental issues.
A. about B. for C.
with D. at
70. Human activities are also blamed
____ having
contributed to global warming.
A. for B. on C. at D. with
71. We congratulated him ____ having invented an
energy-saving device.
A. for B. at C. about D. on
72. He was criticised ____ not having put the
elephant poachers in jail.
A. at B. about C. for D.
on
73. His company was punished ____ not having dumped the
rubbish properly.
A. by B. for C.
about D. because of
74. The city mayor praised all voluntary students
____ having
cleaned the playgrounds for the children.
A. for B.
because of C. at D. due to
75. He thanked us ____ having contributed to
cleaning the surrounding environment.
A. on B. to C. with D. for
76. He was suspected ____ having received presents
from the local companies and ignored their violations of the environmental law.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
77. Even when arrested, he denied
____ cut
down that tree.
A. has B. having C. have D. have had
78. Those farmers admitted ____ having used more chemical
fertilisers than needed.
A. on B. about C. for D. to
79. He forgot ____ promised to cut down on
the carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
A. to promise B. have C. having D. had
80. I remembered having ____ off the lights before
leaving home.
A. switched B. switch C. switching D. switches
81. He regretted not ____ registered for military
service last spring.
A. have B. having C. having had D. having done
82. The local residents suspected the authorities
____ having
kept the pollution level secret from the local people.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
83. He denied having polluted the environment,
____ no one
believed him.
A. however B. despite C. but D. in spite of
84. Thank you for having ____ the information about
global warming.
A. shared B. sharing C. share D. shares
85. He regretted ____ killed and eaten several
rare species.
A. to have B. having C. have D. has
86. His company was fined ____ dumped tons of toxic
waste near the residential
area.
A. to have B. because of having C. for having D.
of having
87. These students were rewarded ____
actively
taken part in voluntary activities.
A. with B. before C. on having D. for having
88. She was praised ____ donated a lot of money to
the wildlife protection organisation.
A. for having B. to have C. because of having D. due to having
89. I remember ____ advised you to stop
hunting endangered animals.
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
90. The local authorities were blamed
____ ignored
the pollution issues in the
area.
A. about having B. on having C. for having D.
before having
Part IV.
SPEAKING
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of global warming.
91. Nam: What are the main threats to the
environment today?
Lan: ____
A. Threats are possible dangers
to the environment.
B. Probably deforestation and global warming.
C. Environmental pollution
is a big issue for our planet
D. We need a clean environment to
live in.
92. Lan: How can ordinary people help protect the
environment?
Nam: ____
A. What can ordinary people do to
help the environment?
B. Environment really needs our
help.
C. We may use environmentally-friendly products.
D. Both governments and
individuals are to blame on.
93. Nam: Do you do anything to protect the
environment?
Lan: ____
A. I refuse to use plastic bags and try to recycle as much as
possible.
B. I use a lot of plastic bags
and containers to save the environment.
C. I'm not interested in the
subject of environment.
D. I don't want to change my
lifestyle.
94. Lan: What solution to air pollution can you
suggest?
Nam: ____
A. Air pollution is really
serious these days.
B. Smoke from factory chimneys
pollutes the air.
C. Air pollution causes acid
rain.
D. People should use public means of transport.
95. Nam: What is the biggest environmental problem
facing our country?
Lan: ____
A. Too much toxic sewage is dumped at sea.
B. All countries face
environmental problems.
C. No one can help protect the
environment.
D. Our country is facing the
biggest environmental problem.
96. Nam: Is global warming a problem in our country?
Lan: ____
A. Global warming is getting more
and more serious.
B. Governments are closely
working together to solve environmental problems.
C. Global warming causes sea
level to rise.
D. Probably. The temperatures are getting hotter year by year in the
area.
97. Nam: What causes global warming?
Lan: ____
A. Changes in weather patterns
resulting from global warming.
B. Too much carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere.
C. Catastrophic consequences of
global warming.
D. Common global warming
consequences.
98. Nam: What are the consequences of global
warming?
Lan: ____
A. Global warming causes many
consequences.
B. Consequences of global warming
is catastrophic.
C. Icebergs melt and low-lying areas are flooded.
D. More trees are being cut down.
99. Nam: Why is global warming a problem?
Lan: ____
A. People find it difficult to adapt to the changes in the weather
patterns.
B. Global warming can benefit
people in certain areas.
C. There's no need to worry about
global warming.
D. Global warming is a very
interesting topic for presentation.
100. Nam: What are global warming gases?
Lan: ____
A. Global warming gases are
mainly man-made.
B. Global warming gases are
everywhere.
C. The amount of carbon dioxide
is increasing.
D. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.
101.Lan: What can government do to punish factories
that violate environmental law?
Nam: ____
A. So many of them are polluting
the environment.
B. Yes, I think a big fine would
be relevant.
C. They may force those factories to close down.
D. There are no factories in this
region.
102. Lan : Who has to suffer global warming effects
the most?
Nam: ____
A. What are global warming
effects?
B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas.
C. All people suffer from global
warming.
D. Only few people benefit from
global warming.
103. Lan: How can we help to fight deforestation?
Nam: ____
A. We may recycle paper and buy recycled paper products.
B. We may cut down trees at an
alarming rate.
C. We should only cut branches of
big trees.
D. We should set up animal
ranches near forests.
104. Nam: What will happen if the low-lying areas
are flooded?
Lan: ____
A. Low-lying areas are often
flooded.
B. Flood happens when water level
rises.
C. Low-lying areas can never be
flooded.
D. People in these regions will have to face a lot of problems.
105. Lan: What do you do to help the environment?
Nam: ____
A. It is the responsibility of
the government.
B. I try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint.
C. Everyone can protect the
environment.
D. Environment helps people live
comfortably.
Part V.
READING
Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each
of the numbered blanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL
CRIME
We are probably all (106)
____ at some
point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much as we should.
Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (107) ____ by using our cars when
it's not necessary. However, the real environmental (108)
____ are
those big businesses which ignore the law. For many years now, (109)
____ have
attempted to protect the environment by making businesses responsible for
making sure that the chemical they use don't add to the (110) ____
of the
environment. The problem for businesses is that the (111)
____ of the
environment costs money, and businesses will always try to
(112) ____ their
costs if they can. Some of them do this by simply putting chemical into rivers
when they have finished with them, leading to the (113) ____ of major problems.
Although government (114) ____
may try to catch them doing it, it can be very difficult to get (115)
____ that a
particular business is responsible for an environmental problem. It really
depends (116) ____ not only the government but also businesses
and individuals as well. All people need to contribute to (117)
____
the environment.
106. A. guilty B. proud C. sorry D. tired
107. A. damage B. pollution C. . accidents D. trouble
108. A. agents B.
crimes C. criminals D. doers
109. A. politicians B.
politics C. parties D. residents
110. A. induction B.
construction C. instruction D. destruction
111. A. production B. protection C. destruction D. deforestation
112. A. stabilise B. raise C. lower D.
save
113. A. creation B. creativity C. creator D. creature
114. A. suspicion B. suspect C. inspection D. inspectors
115. A. improvement B. proof C. waterproof D. prove
116. A. over B. at C. on D.
in
117. A. protecting B.
protect C. protected D. protection
Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
The costs and benefits of global
warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate climate change, the
balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the
more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will probably make
life harder, not easier, for most people This
is mainly because we have already built enormous infrastructure based on
the climate we now have.
People in some temperate zones
may benefit from milder winters,
more abundant rainfall, and expanding crop production zones. But people in
other areas will suffer from increased heat waves, coastal erosion, rising sea
le more erratic rainfall, and
droughts.
The crops, natural vegetation,
and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that sustain people in
a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in
climate. The ranges of diseases and insect pests
that are
limited by temperature may expand, if other environmental conditions
are also
favourable.
In its summary report on the
impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
stated, "Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that
the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to
increase over time.”
118. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Environment pollution is real.
B. Reasons why low-lying
areas are flooded.
C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.
119. Which of the following is TRUE as the result of
global warming?
A. All people suffer from global
warming. B. All people benefit
from global warming.
C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people. D. Life is easier for
most people.
120. In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____.
A. harder life as a result of global warming B. easier life as a result of
global warming
C. climate change on global scale D. flood in low-lying
areas
121. In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. predictable B. unpredictable C. changeable D. unchangeable
122. According to the passage, all of the following
are the results of global warming EXCEPT
____.
A. higher temperature B. coastal erosion
C. increasing sea level D. stable rainfall
123. What may happen to diseases and insect pests as
a result of global warming?
A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number.
C. They will not harm our planet.
D. They will be under
good control.
Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
The Amazon rainforest is home to
more than a third of all the world's species of plants, birds and animals.
Twenty per cent of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest.
Scientists have discovered thousands of types of plants and animals that can only be
found there. There are thousands - probably millions more that we haven't
discovered yet. There are at least 2.5 million species of insects there.
Imagine what would happen if they all lost their home? It couldn't happen,
could it? Unfortunately, it's happening right now. Yet, the rainforest is big.
But it's getting smaller. The problem is that people are cutting down the
trees, mainly to make room for cows.
These provide meat and make money for their owners. This process of cutting
down trees is called ‘deforestation'.
The good news is that it is slowing down. In 2004, for
example, more than 27,000 square kilometres were cut down. That's an area
bigger than Wales. In 2006, because of all the campaigns to save rainforest, it
dropped to just over 13,000 square kilometres. The bad news is that it's not
enough. Scientists predict that by 2030, the rainforest will have become
smaller by 40%. It's possible that by the end of the 21st century, the
rainforest will have completely disappeared. With deforestation, thousands of
the animals, birds, fish and plants that live in the Amazon rainforest lose
their home, their natural habitat. Some of them move to other areas, but most
of them die. Many species have already become extinct, and many more will if
deforestation continues. That will change the balance of life in the rainforest
and could cause enormous problems to
the region's ecosystem.
There's another problem too.
Trees and plants are a vital source of oxygen. If we cut them down, we lose
that oxygen. But it's worse than just that. With deforestation, the trees and
plants are burnt. This sends gases into the Earth's atmosphere, which stops
some of the Earth's heat escaping. That then leads to the temperature here on
the ground going up. This increase in the world's temperature is called 'global
warming', and most scientists believe it's a very serious issue. If they
stopped deforestation, it might help prevent global warming.
124. Which title best summarises the main idea of
the passage?
A. Chances for owners of cow
ranches B. Threats to Amazon rainforest
C. Global warming effects D. Habitat destruction
125. According to the passage, which of the
following is TRUE?
A. A fifth of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest.
B. 20% of all the animals in the
world live in the rainforest.
C. Nearly two million species of
insects are found in the Amazon rainforest.
D. Nearly half of the world's
species of plants grow there.
126. In paragraph 1, the word "room” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. chamber B. flat C. area D. studio
127. In paragraph 2, the word "it” refers to ____.
A. room B. process C. rainforest D. deforestation
128. According the passage, which of the following
is TRUE about Amazon rainforest?
A. It has become smaller by 40%. B. The deforestation is decreasing.
C. 25% of animal species are
extinct now. D. The deforestation is
under control.
129. In paragraph 2, the word “enormous” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. serious B. important C. common D. insignificant
130. What might help to restrain global warming?
A. increasing deforestation B. stabilising
deforestation
C. ceasing cutting down trees D. clearing more trees
for farming
Part VI.
WRITING
Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
131. Having seen people suffer global warming
consequences, we decided to reduce carbon
footprints.
A. We decided to reduce carbon
footprints before seeing people suffer global warming consequences.
B. We saw people suffer global
warming consequences after we decided to reduce carbon footprints.
C. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints after we saw people
suffer global warming consequences.
D. We decided to cut down on
carbon footprints before we saw people suffer global warming
consequences.
132. Climate change leads to numerous catastrophic
consequences.
A. Numerous catastrophic
consequences result in climate change.
B. Numerous catastrophic consequences result from climate change.
C. Climate change results from
numerous catastrophic consequences.
D. Numerous catastrophic
consequences cause climate change.
133. The increase in earth's temperature can cause
heat-related illnesses.
A. Heat-related illnesses result from the increase in earth's
temperature.
B. Heat-related illnesses result
in the increase in earth's temperature.
C. Heat-related illnesses lead to
the increase in earth's temperature.
D. Heat-related illnesses trigger
the increase in earth's temperature.
134. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse
gases that cause global warming.
A. Carbon dioxide is the only
greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
B. Global warming results in
greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
C. One of the main greenhouse gases that lead to global warming is
carbon dioxide.
D. Global warming causes
greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
135. Planting trees can contribute to reducing
global warming.
A. Global warming can't be
controlled by planting trees.
B. Planting trees is the only way
to control global warming.
C. Planting trees can accelerate
global warming.
D. Planting trees can help reduce global warming.
Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in
the following questions.
136. He said that he would take responsibility for
his company's damage to the area. But
then he denied that.
A. Having denied his company's
damage, he took responsibility for it.
B. He denied having damaged to
his company's area.
C. He denied having taken
responsibility for the damage to his company's area.
D. He denied having said that he would take responsibility for his
company's damage to the area.
137. He donated a lot of money to environmental
protection campaigns. He was admired
for that.
A. Unless he donated a lot of
money to environmental protection campaigns, he was admired.
B. He was admired for having donated a lot of money to environmental
protection campaigns.
C. If he had donated a lot of
money to environmental protection campaigns, he would have been
admired.
D. If he donates a lot of money
to environmental protection campaigns, he will be admired.
138. They decided to cut down their carbon
footprints. They were praised for that.
A. They were praised for having decided to decrease their carbon
footprints.
B. They were not punished for
having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.
C. Unless they decided to cut
down their carbon footprints, they were praised for that.
D. If they decided to cut down
their carbon footprints, they would be praised for that.
139. We have advised you on how to cut down your
energy use. We remember that.
A. We can no longer remember
having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
B. We remember having advised you
on how to maintain your energy use.
C. We remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy
use.
D. We remember to have advised
you on how to decrease your energy use.
140. Some scientists have distorted the effects of
climate change. They were accused
of that.
A. Some scientists were accused
of having falsify the effects of climate change.
B. Some scientists were accused
of having been honest about the effects of climate change.
C. Although some scientists have
distorted the effects of climate change, they were not accused.
D. Some scientists were accused of having falsified the effects of
climate change.
Unit 7. FURTHER EDUCATION
Part I.
PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate
the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. degree B. doctorate C. graduate D. kindergarten
2. A. bachelor B. chapter C. chemistry D. teacher
3. A. culture B.
student C. institution D. university
4. A. appreciate B. psychology
C. programme D. respectively
5. A. academic B.
apply C. apology D. achieve
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. biology B. geography C. education D. relationship
7. A. broaden B. provide C. pursue D. succeed
8. A. college B. degree C. language D. subject
9. A. analytical B. opportunity C. qualification D. university
10. A. bachelor B. diploma C. internship D. scholarship
Part II.
VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
11. It is not easy at all to get a good job without
any ____
qualifications.
A. academic B. social C. great D. favourite
12. At the ____ level, you can join three-year or
four-year colleges.
A. primary B. secondary C. postgraduate D. undergraduate
13. Hugh is quite worried because he hasn't
____ for the
end-of-term test.
A. examined B. researched C. studied D. read
14. Any pupil caught ____ was made to stand at the
front of the class.
A. misbehave B. misbehaved C. misbehaviour D. misbehaving
15. They ____ sacrifices so that their only
child could have a good education.
A. made B. did C. provided D. lent
16. A university is an institution of higher
education and research, which grants ____ degrees at all levels in a
variety of subjects.
A. secondary B. optional C. academic D.
vocational
17. You have to be highly ____ to do well in these
subjects.
A. competitive B. competitor C. competition D. competed
18. I can't cope well ____ all the homework I've
got to do!
A. on B. of C. about D. with
19. ____ education normally
provides undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational
education and training.
A. Intermediate B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary
20. You'll find plenty of books on the
____ of
business studies in the library.
A.
lesson B. subject C. curriculum D.
schedule
21. I wonder if you could tell me who was awarded
the ____.
A. scholar B. scholastic C. scholarship D. scholarly
22. My dad said that I'd better spend more time on
my ____.
A. student B. studied C. studious D. studies
23. He has got a degree ____ Information Technology
from Oxford University.
A. in B. for C. on D. of
24. I don't really ____ the point of taking the
exam when you are not ready for it.
A. annoy B. have C. see D. take
25. If you're not sure what “something” means, look
it ____ in
the dictionary.
A. for B. out C. at D. up
26. Mrs Dawson said that we are
____ our
lesson in the library next Monday.
A. going B. having C. making D. reading
27. My dad wants me to go to
university, but I'm in ____ minds
about it.
A. different B. my C. some D. two
28. Yesterday, we had a discussion ____
different
cultures.
A. about B. around C. for D. from
29. I still have a lot ____ about the English
language.
A. for learning B. of learning C. learning D. to learn
30. Belinda missed a few months of school because of
illness and found it difficult to keep ____ with her classmates.
A. on B. off C. down D. up
31. If you need to ____ the teacher's attention,
just put up your hand.
A. attract B. pay C. take D. pull
32. I did six hours of ____ for the test, but I
still failed.
A. education B. survey C. revision D. training
33. Please, don't forget ____ your essays during
Friday's lesson.
A. hand in B. handing in C. to hand in D.
to handing in
34. Australians and New Zealanders often have a/an
____ year
before going to college or after finishing high school to travel overseas
independently.
A. gap B. new C. busy D. graduation
35. It's my ____ ceremony next week; I think my
parents are looking forward to it more than I am.
A. graduation B. graduate C. graduating D. graduates
36. Going to university is expensive because in
addition to the tuition ____, there
are expenses for accommodation, books, living costs, etc.
A. grants B. fees C.
fares D. scholarships
37. When I got to 16, some of my friends left school
to get a job, but most ____.
A. dropped out B. moved back C. got in D. stayed on
38. The more ____ you have, the more
chance you have of finding a better job.
A. courses B. contributions C. qualifications D. qualities
39. Next year, I have to decide which area of
medicine I want to ____ in.
A. come B. focus C. hand D. specialise
40. I got a diploma in business administration, but
still sometimes wish I had been able
to go to university and get a ____.
A. certificate B. diploma C. degree D. scholarship
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
41. When you sit for the exam tomorrow, try
to stay calm and relaxed.
A. answer B. take C.
make D. write
42. If the examiner can't make sense of what
your essay is about, you'll get the low mark.
A. declare B. estimate C. communicate D. understand
43. If you want to get a high mark on a test,
review the material carefully beforehand.
A. performance B. score C. figure D. note
44. Some students only cram for tests when
there is little time left, so their results are not satisfactory.
A. prepare in a short period B. prepare in a long time
C. prepare well D. prepare badly
45. My application for the scholarship has been turned
down because the transcript of
marks is not satisfactory enough.
A. cancelled B. postponed C. reduced D. rejected
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meanin the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
46. Students also have the opportunity to choose
from a wide range of optional courses in the university.
A. mandatory B. selective C. free D. limited
47. Tom did miserably on the final test,
which caused a shock to everyone in the class.
A. took B. sat for C. failed D. passed
48. Schools are more relaxed nowadays as discipline
is less tough than before.
A. accurate B. severe C. strict D. loose
49. Well, Mrs Baker, you'll be pleased to hear that
George has made a dramatic improvement
in geography.
A. meaningful B.
important C. insignificant D. steady
50. Most of the students in our country are
interested in pursuing higher education to get bachelor's
degrees.
A. following B. giving up
C. trying D. interrupting
Part III.
GRAMMAR
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
51. I ____ English for five years. I study
it at school.
A. have been learning B.
have learnt C. learnt D. am learning
52. You can have your book back now. I
____ it.
A. have been reading B. have read C. had read D. read
53. You look upset. ____ you
____?
A. Are – crying B. Do - cry C. Have - been crying D. Have - cried
54. How many times ____ you
____ that
international conference?
A. did – attend B. do - attend C. have - been attending D. have - attended
55. I ____ for my math textbook all day, but
I ____
it yet.
A. have been looking/haven't found B. have looked/haven't found
C. have been looking/haven't been
finding D. have looked/haven't
been finding
56. Mum ____ all morning. She
____ lots of
Christmas presents.
A. has shopped/has bought B. has been shopping/has bought
C. has been shopping/has been
buying D. has shopped/has been
buying
57. Kevin ____ his homework, but he
____ it yet.
A. has been doing/hasn't been
finishing B. has done/hasn't
finished
C. has been doing/hasn't finished D. has done/hasn't been
finishing
58. Pete ____ at Midfield Secondary School
since 2006, but he ____ music in his lessons twice.
A. has been teaching/has only played B. has been teaching/has only
been playing
C. has taught/has only been
playing D. has taught/has only
played
59. I ____ the biography of Robbie
Williams, but I'm on page 50.
A. have read B. have been reading C.
had read D. was reading
60. Jimmy can go out when he ____
for the
exam.
A. has been studying B. has been studied C. has studied D.
studied
61.I ____ the
latest Harry Potter book all day. I'm
dying to know what happens in
the end!
A. am reading B. have been reading C.
have read D. had read
62. So far I ____ any of the exams at
school.
A. haven't been failing B.
hadn't failed C. didn't fail D. haven't failed
63. We ____ our classroom for the upcoming
Teachers' Day, but there's still a lot
to do.
A. are decorating B. decorated C. have been decorating D.
have decorated
64. Margaret ____ in the school marathon
for charity before.
A. has never run B. never runs C. never ran D. has never been running
65. My brother graduated from Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology last
month and ____
for a job since then.
A. has been looking B. has looked C. was looking D. had looked
66. Tim ____ for the scholarship to study
abroad in the USA at least twice.
A. applied B. is applying C. has been applying D. has applied
67. All the students ____ for their academic
transcripts all this week, but they ____ them yet.
A. have waited/haven't received B. have been waiting/haven't received
C. have waited/haven't been
receiving D. have been
waiting/haven't been receiving
68. I ____ for
the information about the differences between further education and higher
education all this morning.
A. had searched B. have been searched C. have been searching D.
have searched
69. It's the first time you ____ an online course, isn't
it?
A. had ever taken B. have ever been taking C. ever took D. have ever taken
70. The teacher ____ the speaking task on the
board, so now the students are discussing
it.
A. has already been writing B. has already written
C. already wrote D. had already written
71. Sandy ____ his sister since she ____
to
university in 2014.
A. hadn't seen/went B. hasn't been
seeing/went
C. didn't see/has gone D. hasn't seen/went
72. They ____ to Spain for an educational
exchange and won't be back until the end of this month.
A. have gone B. went C. have been going D. is going
73. Poor Tracy! She ____ that essay for hours now
and she still ____.
A. has written/hasn't finished B. has been
writing/didn't finish
C. has been writing/hasn't finished D. has written/hasn't been
finishing
74. Tom and Mary are still discussing the math exercise
with each other because they
____ how
to do it.
A. aren't working out B. haven't worked out
C. haven't been working out D. didn't work out
75. I ____ reading a wonderful book about
space travel.
A. just finish B. just do finish C. have
just finished D. have just been
finishing
76. As a rule, you shouldn't argue with your hosts
unless they ____
something openly
offensive.
A. had said B. have been saying C. have said D. would say
77. Noah Webster an American Dictionary of the English
Language in two volumes in 1828, and since then it ____ the recognised authority
for usage in the United States.
A. published/became B. has published/has
become
C. published/was becoming D. published/has become
78. She ____ of great help to us because she
____ for
such a long time with us.
A. has been/had lived B. has been/has been living C. has been/lived D. was/has lived
79. I ____ the book yet so I can't tell you
what happens.
A. haven't finished B. haven't been finishing
C. didn't finish D. hadn't finished
80. Peter has been a junior clerk for three years.
Lately he ____
for a better post but
so far he ____ anything.
A. looks/hasn't found B. have looked/haven't
found
C. has been looking/hasn't found D. has looked/hasn't found
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
81. My brother has applied for that
scholarship for months, but he has never succeeded yet.
A B C D
82. I have been unable to make out
what the lecturer was saying because we were right at the back
of the hall.
A B C D
83. I have found a lot of informations
about the history of English language teaching recently.
A B
C D
84. Although there were a number of
significant differences between the two systems, both
countries share a
A B C
commitment to high quality education.
D
85. I have never been understanding why such
a lot of people want to study abroad.
A B C D
86. It is the first time the Internet has
ever applied in English teaching and learning in this remote district.
A B C
D
87. Due to the geographical barrier,
he has been deciding to choose distance education in order to get
his
A B C D
university degree.
88. Lily couldn't answer any questions
in the end-of-term examination this morning, but she thinks
she
A B C
has failed.
D
89. I have started doing my homework when
I got home from school, but I stopped to watch my favourite
A B C
music show.
D
90. Prof. Daniel, who has been working in our
faculty for almost 15 years, is giving a seminar on further
A B C
education to students on next Friday.
D
Part IV.
SPEAKING
Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 91. “Could you pass that
book over to me, please?” – “____”
A. Yes, of course. B. No, why not? C. Actually, I'm busy. D. Yes, go ahead.
92. “If I were you, I would apply for the
scholarship to the University of Melbourne.”
– “____”
A. I'm not afraid so. B. No way! C. I guess I should. D. I hope so.
93. “I hear you've passed your exam.
Congratulations!” – “____”
A. What a pity! B. You're welcome. C. I'm alright. D. Thank you.
94. “Why do you choose French as your second major?”
– “____”
A. Because it's quite like English. B. Because they are
friendly.
C. I don't really care. D. It's nice to say so.
95. “Can I have a quick look at your lecture notes?”
– “____”
A. Of course not today. B. So far, so good!
C. No, I don't think so. D. Sorry, I'm using them myself.
96. - "Let's go to the Dr. Millet's seminar on
learning styles this afternoon!”
- “____”
A. I wish I could but I'm busy then. B. Learning styles are
really subjective.
C. Thanks, I won't. D. I would if I were you.
97. -
"Mom, I've received an offer for a summer internship in Singapore!”
- “____”
A. Really? Good luck! B. Oh, that's great! Congratulations!
C. I couldn't agree more. D. Oh, I'm sorry to hear
that.
98. “Sorry, I'm late! May I come in, Miss Millie?” –
“____”
A. Yes, come in, please! B.
Not right now. C. Let's do it! D. I guess so.
99. "What an imaginative essay you've written,
Matt!” – “____”
A. That's the least I could do. B. Actually, I don't
mind.
C. Thanks, it's nice of you to say so. D. Sorry, just my luck!
100.- “It was very kind of you to help me with the
difficult homework!"
A. Oh, don't mention it. B.
Sorry, I don't know. C. That sounds nice. D. Thanks a lot.
101. “Do you mind if I use your dictionary for a while?”
– “____”
A. Yes, I don't mind. B. No, I don't think so. C. Yes, go ahead. D. No,
go right ahead.
102. “Work harder or you'll fail the exam!” – “____”
A. Oh, that's fine for me! B.
Thanks, I will. C. That sounds great! D. Sure, go ahead!
103. “I'm sorry, teacher. I've left my exercise book
at home today!” – “
A. I'm afraid, you can't. B. Well, don't do that again next time.
C. No, of course not. D. I hope you won't.
104. "Shall I lend you a hand with the survey
questionnaire?” – “____”
A. Yes, I'd love to. B. That sounds
interesting!
C. Sure! That would be great help! D. How about tomorrow?
105. - “I’ll celebrate my graduation
party this weekend. Could you come?"
- “____”
A. Yes, of course, I will. B. How can this be?
C. The more, the merrier. D. Great work! Keep up!
Part V. READING
Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
One way of training for your future
occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training programme. Such
programmes offer plenty of opportunity for on-the-job training and work
experience. Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and
comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend one or two
days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will
acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will need in your future occupation.
The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to apply your
newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning to operate
machinery. You will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates and find out if you can see
yourself working there after completing your training.
This combination of theory and
practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have
completed your training, you will not only have the required technical
knowledge, but you will also have hands-on
experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognised training
programmes in Germany, so chances are good that one of them will suit your
interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting one
of the jobs and vocational training fairs which are organised in many German
cities at different times in the year.
Employment prospects for students
who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good. This is
one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans:
around two thirds of all students leaving school go on to start a vocational
training programme .
106. Which of the following is probably the best
title of the passage?
A. Employment Opportunities and
Prospects in Germany
B. Higher Education System in
Germany
C. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany
D. Combination of Theory
and Practice in Studying in Germany
107. The word "it" in the first paragraph refers to ____.
A. company B. machinery C. knowledge D. organisation
108. Which of the following statements best
describes the dual vocational training programmes?
A. These programmes consist of an
intensive theoretical course of two and a half years at a vocational
school.
B. These programmes require you
to have only practical working time at a certain company.
C. These programmes offer you
some necessary technical skills to do your future job.
D. These programmes provide you with both theoretical knowledge and
practical working experience.
109. The word "hands-on” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A. theoretical B. practical C. technical D. integral
110. How many German school leavers choose this
vocational training programme?
A. well over 75% B. around one out of five
C. less than a third D. about 70%
Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
Do you think education is better
now than it was in your grandparents' time? Many older people in the UK believe
the opposite. “Schools were better in our day,” they complain. “There isn't
enough discipline these days. Kids don't work as hard as we did, either. The
syllabus isn't as challenging, so clever students aren't being stretched
enough. They need to study things in greater depth. Exams are much, much easier
now as well.”
Were schools better years ago?
Some British teenagers travelled back in time to a 1950s boarding school. They
got a big surprise! The first shock came when the teenagers met their new
teachers. Dressed in traditional black gowns, they look so frosty and uncaring!
They were really authoritarian, too,
so anyone caught breaking the rules - talking in classes, mucking about in the
playground or playing truant – was in big trouble! Punishments included writing
'lines' or staying after class to do detention. The naughtiest kids were
expelled.
Things were just as bad after
class. At meal times the students had to endure a diet of plain, no-nonsense,
healthy food. Homework was obligatory and
it took ages! Copying essays off the Internet wasn't an option, as personal
computers didn't exist in the 1950s!
At the end of 'term' everyone sat
1950s-style exams. The old exams were much longer than their
twenty-first century equivalents and involved learning huge amounts of facts by
heart. History papers were all dates and battles. Maths papers were trickier,
too; calculators weren't around in the 1950s, so the students had to memorise
multiplication tables and master long division. Our candidates found this
really difficult.
The exam results surprised a lot
of people. Students predicted to do well in their real-life, twenty-first
century exams often got low grades in the 1950s exams. Does this prove modern
exams are too easy? Do twenty-first century kids rely too much on modern
technology, like calculators and computers?
The TV series of That 'll teach 'em! focused on a 1960s
vocational school. UK school-kids study a range of academic subjects these
days. But in the 1960s, children judged to be less ‘able' went to vocational
schools. These helped them learn job
skills. Boys studied subjects like metalwork, woodwork or gardening. In some
classes, they even learned how to milk goats! The girls' timetables included
secretarial skills. They also learned to cook, clean and sew - probably not
much fun for most girls.
111. What criticism is sometimes made about modern
education in the first paragraph?
A. Teachers aren't strict enough.
B. The syllabus is out of date.
C. There's too much stress on
exams.
D. The teaching methods are not
good enough.
112. The word "authoritarian” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
____.
A. inexperienced B. impolite C. unreasonable D. strict
113. Which of the following statements is TRUE about
the food the students ate at school?
A. It wasn't cooked properly. B. It wasn't delicious.
C. It wasn't nutritious. D. There wasn't much of
it.
114. The word "obligatory” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A. compulsory B. difficult C. long D. complicated
115. According to the passage, how did exams in the
1950s differ from those in the twenty-first century?
A They covered more subjects. B. It took students less
time to do them.
C. There was more to remember. D. They were less difficult.
116. What was surprising about the students' results
after taking the 1950s-style exams?
A. All the students found the
exams difficult.
B. Students didn't do as well as expected.
C. Students who were predicted to
fail did rather well.
D. Students did better than
twenty-first century exams.
117. The word “these”
in the last paragraph refers to ____.
A. school-kids B. subjects C. series D. vocational schools
118. Which of the following statements is TRUE
according to the passage?
A. Vocational schools provided
poorer children with equipment.
B. Vocational schools took
children who were good at studying.
C. Vocational schools prepared students for employment.
D. Vocational schools were a
complete waste of time.
Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each
of the numbered blanks.
GAP
YEAR
In the professional or career
world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university and after
finishing high school or (119) ____
a year off before
going into graduate school after completing a bachelor as an undergraduate.
(120) ____ this
time, students may engage in advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses
and non-academic courses, such as yearlong pre-college math courses, language
studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships,
sports and more. Gap years are sometimes considered a way for students to
become independent and learn a great deal of (121) ____ prior to engaging in
university life.
Australians and New Zealanders
have a tradition of travelling overseas independently (122)
____ a young
age. In New Zealand, this is known as “doing an OE” (Overseas Experience).
Sometimes, an OE is (123) ____ to one
year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for three
to five years, with many working short-term in service industry jobs to fund
their continuing travels. Europe and Asia are popular destinations for doing an
OE. In Australia, through exchange programmes and benefits for youth, there are
so many opportunities for a young person to broaden their (124)
____ through
travel in a gap year.
119. A. calling B. going C. taking
D. turning
120. A. During B. When C. While D. By
121. A. responsible B. responsibility C. irresponsible D. irresponsibility
122. A. at B. on C. in D. for
123. A. distributed B. used C. spent D. limited
124. A. head B. mind
C. brain D. memory
Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
EXAM OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?
How do you feel when you sit an
exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do you
sometimes feel that you're (125) ____ a mess of it? (126)
____ from
those lucky few who sail through exams, most secondary school pupils find them
very stressful. Many teachers are (127) ____ of the problems their
students face and use a different method for measuring their progress:
continuous. With continuous assessment, students are given (128)
____ tasks
to do throughout the year. All their marks are added together to produce a
total mark (129) ____
the end of the year. Students have to (130) ____ more responsibility for
their education because they can't rely on doing well on just one day. Also,
they have more time to think over their work, meaning that they are able to do
their best.
125. A. doing B. having C. making D. taking
126. A. Apart B.
According C. Except D. But
127. A. aware B.
intelligent C. recognisable D. knowledgeable
128. A. variety B. various C.
vary D. variably
129. A. at B. on C. in D. from
130. A. do B.
get C. make D. take
Part VI. WRITING
Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
131 It's only her second time in an international
conference about further education.
A. It was the second time
she had been in an international conference about further education.
B. She has only been in an international conference about further
education once before.
C.
She has
never been to any international conference about further education before.
D. She has already got used to
being in an international conference about further education.
132. I started writing this essay hours ago and it's
still not right.
A. I have been writing this essay for hours and it's still not
right.
B. It's hours ago since I last
wrote this essay correctly.
C. The last time I started
writing this essay was hours ago, which is still not right.
D. I didn't stop to write this
essay hours ago and it's still not right.
133. “You'd better work harder if you don't want to
retake the exam!” the teacher said
to Jimmy.
A. The teacher advised Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to
retake the exam.
B. The teacher ordered Jimmy to
work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam.
C. The teacher reminded Jimmy to
work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam.
D. The teacher warned Jimmy to
work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam.
134. Lisa has never studied abroad before.
A. It's the first time Lisa has ever studied abroad.
B. It's the last time since Lisa
studied abroad.
C. It was the first time Lisa had
ever studied abroad.
D. Never before Lisa has studied
abroad.
135. The last time my friend wrote a letter to me
was in February.
A. I haven't never received a
letter from my friend since February.
B. I last received a letter from my friend in February.
C. It was in February since I
first received a letter from my friend.
D. My friend last wrote a letter
to me when in February.
Exercise 14. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in
the following questions.
136. Marie prepared her homework carefully. She
could answer all the questions and
got good marks.
A. Although she prepared her
homework carefully, Marie could not answer all the questions and got
good marks.
B. Having prepared her homework carefully, Marie could answer all
the questions and got good marks.
C. If she had prepared her
homework carefully, Marie could have answered all the questions and got
good marks.
D. It was because of her careful
preparation for the homework, Marie couldn't answer all the questions
and got good marks.
137. We have been trying to learn English for years.
We haven't succeeded yet.
A. Although we have been trying to learn English for years, we
haven't succeeded yet.
B. After we've been trying to
learn English for years, we have succeeded.
C. We haven't succeeded yet since
we have been trying to learn English for years.
D. We have been trying to learn
English for years, so we haven't succeeded yet.
138. The teacher was giving the lesson. The lights
went out.
A. The lights went out as soon as
the teacher started giving the lesson.
B. If the teacher had been giving
the lesson, the lights wouldn't have gone out.
C. The teacher was giving the
lesson, so the lights went out.
D. While the teacher was giving the lesson, the lights went out.
139. Our school started building a new canteen in
June. They are still building it now.
A. Our school have started
building a new canteen from June till now.
B. Our school have been building a new canteen since June.
C. Our school have built a new
canteen now since starting in June.
D. Our school are building the
new canteen which started in June.
140. Henry only started learning English last year.
However, he can now speak it like
a native.
A. If he had started learning
English last year, Henry could now speak it like a native.
B. After starting learning
English last year, Henry can now speak it like a native.
C. Although he only started learning English last year, Henry can
now speak it like a native.
D. Henry, who has only started
learning English since last year, can now speak it like a native.