Xin chào các bạn, trong những ngày qua chúng tớ đã rất quyết tâm để thực hiện Dự Án "XÓA MÙ TIẾNG ANH" rất vui nhận được sự đón chào đầy quyết tâm của các bạn.
Hôm nay là bài 4 chúng ta cùng nhau vào một đơn vị ngữ pháp mà khá nhiều bạn dù đã học 12 năm vẫn mơ hồ, nhưng nó lại là một đơn vị ngữ pháp được sử dụng phổ biến trong tiếng Anh cũng như trong đời sống: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
A. Lý Thuyết
I. Công thức:
Khẳng định: S + have / has + V3/-ed
Phủ định: S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed
Nghi vấn: Have/Has+ S + V3/-ed
(Wh-) + have / has + S + V3/-ed …?
II. Cách dùng:
1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để nói về các sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại:
VD:
I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
(Tôi đã làm vỡ đồng hồ nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ.)
They have cancelled the meeting. (Họ đã hủy buổi họp.)
2. Khi nói về sự việc mới diễn ra gần đây, dùng các từ như 'just' 'already' hay 'yet'.
We've already talked about that. (Chúng ta đã nói về việc đó.)
She hasn't arrived yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa đến.)
3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để nói về sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại. Cách dùng này sẽ sử dụng 'since' và 'for' để cho biết sự việc đã kéo dài bao lâu.
I have been a teacher for more than ten years. (Tôi dạy học đã hơn 10 năm.)
4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng khi nói về trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm, thường dùng 'ever' và 'never' khi nói về kinh nghiệm.
Have you ever been to Argentina? (Anh đã từng đến Argentina chưa?)
I think I have seen that movie before. (Tôi nghĩ trước đây tôi đã xem bộ phim đó.)
5. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nói về sự việc xảy ra và lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ:
We've been to Singapore a lot over the last few years.
(Những năm vừa qua, chúng tôi đi Singapre rất nhiều lần.)
She's done this type of project many times before. (Cô ấy đã làm loại dự án này rất nhiều lần.)
III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:Trong câu thường có các từ:
- never: chưa bao giờ
- ever: có bao giờ, đã từng
- just: vừa mới
- since + mốc thời gian (since 2000 / last summer )
- for + khoảng thời gian (for ages / two years)
- already: đã rồi
- how long: bao lâu
- before: trước đây
- recently, lately: gần đây
- yet: chưa(dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)
- many times, several times: nhiều lần
- in the past (ten) years: trong (mười) năm qua
- in the last (years): những (năm) gần đây
- so far, up to now, up to the present: cho tới bây giờ
- this is the first time / the second time: đây là lần đầu / lần thứ hai
Ex:
- Have you seen any good films recently?
- Up to the present, he has written five children books.
- Have you done your homework yet?
- He has never told a lie.
- I have ever been to Europe.
- We have already had our breakfast.
B. Bài Tập:
Bài 1: Chia động từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành
1. I (not/work) .................... today.
2. We (buy)..............a new lamp.
3. We (not / plan)..............our holiday yet.
4. Where (be / you) ?
5. He (write).............. for five letters.
6. She (not / see)..............him for a long time.
7. (be / you)..............at school?
8. School (not / start)..............yet.
9. (speak / he)..............to his boss?
10. No, he (have / not)..............the time yet.
Bài 2: Viết câu dựa trên các từ được gợi ý:
Ex : I’m tired. (I / walk / miles) I’ve walked miles.
1/ Emma’s computer is working now. (She / repair / it)
2/ It’s cooler in here now. (I / open / the window).
3/ The visitors are here at last. (they / arrive).
4/ Mark’s car isn’t blocking us in now. (he / move / it)
5/ We haven’t got any new videos. ( we / watch / all these)
Bài 3: Viết lại các câu bằng cách dùng động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
Laura: How is the painting going? Have you finished? (you / finish)
Trevor: No, I haven’t. Painting the ceiling is really difficult, you know. (1) … (I / not/ do) very much. And it looks just the same as before. This new paint (2) … (not / make) any difference.
Laura: (3) …(you / not / put) enough on.
Trevor: (4) … (I / hurt) my back. I feels bad.
Laura: Oh, you and your back. You mean (5) … (you /have) enough of decorating. Well, I’ll do it. Where (6) … (you / put) the brush?
Trevor: I don’t know. (7) … (it / disappear). (8) … (I / look) for it, but I can’t find it.
Laura: You’re hopeless, aren’t you? How much (9) … (you / do) in here? Nothing! (10) … (I / paint) two doors.
Trevor: (11) … (I/ clean) all this old paint around the window. It looks much better now, doesn’t it?
Laura: (12) … (we / make) some progress, I suppose. Now, where (13) … (that brush / go)? Oh, (14) … (you / leave) it on the ladder, look.
Bài 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì HTHT.
1. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.
2. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).
3. I (turn)……….. the heating on. It’ll soon get warm in here.
4. ……..they (pay)…….. money for your mother yet?
5. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.
6. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.
7. ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?
8. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.
9. I (work)………….. here for three years.
10. ………… you ever …………..(be) in New York?
11. You (not/do) ………….your project yet, I suppose.
12. I (just/ see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about half of the plan.
13. I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.
14. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
15. She (not/ have) ……………any fun a long time.
16. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
17. I’d better have a shower. I (not/ have)………. one since Thursday.
18. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/ see)…………. each other for five years.
19. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
20. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
21. How long…….. (you/ know)………. each other?
22. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?
23. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?
24. He (live) ………….here all his life..
25. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?
26. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.
27. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
28. She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.
29. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.
30. School (not, start)……………..yet.
Bài 5: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1. She has never drunk whisky before.
....................................................................................
2. He has never known me before.
....................................................................................
3. This is the first time we’ve visited Ha Long Bay.
.....................................................................................
4. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
.....................................................................................
5. I last had my hair cut when I left her.
.....................................................................................
6. It is a long time since we last met.
.....................................................................................
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
1. have not work
2. We (buy).....have bought.........a new lamp.
3. We (not / plan).....haven't planned.........our holiday yet.
4. Where have you been (be / you) ?
5. He (write)......has written........for five letters.
6. She (not / see)......hasn't seen........him for a long time.
7. (be / you)......Have you been........at school?
8. School (not / start)....hasn't started..........yet.
9. (speak / he)..Has he spoken............to his boss?
10. No, he (have / not)..hasn't had............the time yet.
Bài 2:
1) She has repaired it.
2) I have opened the window.
3) They have arrived.
4) He has moved it.
5) We have watched all these.
Bài 3
1) I haven’t done 2) hasn’t made
3) You haven’t put 4) I have hurt
5) you have had 6) have you put
7) It has disappeared 8) I have looked
9) have you done 10) I have painted
11) I have cleaned 12) We have made
13) has that brush gone 14) you have left
Bài 4:
1. have made/ 've made 16. hasn't played
2. has started./ 's started. 17. haven't had
3. have turned/ 've turned 18. haven't seen
4. Have they paid 19. have...realized/ 've ... realized
5. has taken/ 's taken 20. have gone
6. have finished/ 've finished 21. have...known
7. Have...eaten 22. Have...taken
8. hasn't come 23. has eaten/ 's eaten
9. have worked/ 've worked 24. has lived/ 's lived
10. Have....been 25. has lost
11. haven't done 26. have...left - has left/ 's left
12. have just seen/ 've just seen - has...done 27. have bought/ 've bought
13. have...decided 28. has written/ 's written
14. has been/ 's been 29. have finished/ 've finished
15. hasn't had 30. hasn't started
Bài 5:
1. It is/ This is the first time she has ever drunk whisky.
2. It is/ This isthe first time he has ever known me.
3. We've never visited Ha Long Bay before.
4. She hasn't kissed me for 5 months./ She hasn't kissed me since 5 months ago.
5. I haven't had my hair cut since I left her.
6. We haven't met for a long time.
Hôm nay là bài 4 chúng ta cùng nhau vào một đơn vị ngữ pháp mà khá nhiều bạn dù đã học 12 năm vẫn mơ hồ, nhưng nó lại là một đơn vị ngữ pháp được sử dụng phổ biến trong tiếng Anh cũng như trong đời sống: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: TENSES (THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ)
BÀI 4: THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
A. Lý Thuyết
I. Công thức:
Khẳng định: S + have / has + V3/-ed
Phủ định: S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed
Nghi vấn: Have/Has+ S + V3/-ed
(Wh-) + have / has + S + V3/-ed …?
II. Cách dùng:
1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để nói về các sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại:
VD:
I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
(Tôi đã làm vỡ đồng hồ nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ.)
They have cancelled the meeting. (Họ đã hủy buổi họp.)
2. Khi nói về sự việc mới diễn ra gần đây, dùng các từ như 'just' 'already' hay 'yet'.
We've already talked about that. (Chúng ta đã nói về việc đó.)
She hasn't arrived yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa đến.)
3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để nói về sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại. Cách dùng này sẽ sử dụng 'since' và 'for' để cho biết sự việc đã kéo dài bao lâu.
I have been a teacher for more than ten years. (Tôi dạy học đã hơn 10 năm.)
4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng khi nói về trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm, thường dùng 'ever' và 'never' khi nói về kinh nghiệm.
Have you ever been to Argentina? (Anh đã từng đến Argentina chưa?)
I think I have seen that movie before. (Tôi nghĩ trước đây tôi đã xem bộ phim đó.)
5. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nói về sự việc xảy ra và lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ:
We've been to Singapore a lot over the last few years.
(Những năm vừa qua, chúng tôi đi Singapre rất nhiều lần.)
She's done this type of project many times before. (Cô ấy đã làm loại dự án này rất nhiều lần.)
III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:Trong câu thường có các từ:
- never: chưa bao giờ
- ever: có bao giờ, đã từng
- just: vừa mới
- since + mốc thời gian (since 2000 / last summer )
- for + khoảng thời gian (for ages / two years)
- already: đã rồi
- how long: bao lâu
- before: trước đây
- recently, lately: gần đây
- yet: chưa(dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)
- many times, several times: nhiều lần
- in the past (ten) years: trong (mười) năm qua
- in the last (years): những (năm) gần đây
- so far, up to now, up to the present: cho tới bây giờ
- this is the first time / the second time: đây là lần đầu / lần thứ hai
Ex:
- Have you seen any good films recently?
- Up to the present, he has written five children books.
- Have you done your homework yet?
- He has never told a lie.
- I have ever been to Europe.
- We have already had our breakfast.
B. Bài Tập:
Bài 1: Chia động từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành
1. I (not/work) .................... today.
2. We (buy)..............a new lamp.
3. We (not / plan)..............our holiday yet.
4. Where (be / you) ?
5. He (write).............. for five letters.
6. She (not / see)..............him for a long time.
7. (be / you)..............at school?
8. School (not / start)..............yet.
9. (speak / he)..............to his boss?
10. No, he (have / not)..............the time yet.
Bài 2: Viết câu dựa trên các từ được gợi ý:
Ex : I’m tired. (I / walk / miles) I’ve walked miles.
1/ Emma’s computer is working now. (She / repair / it)
2/ It’s cooler in here now. (I / open / the window).
3/ The visitors are here at last. (they / arrive).
4/ Mark’s car isn’t blocking us in now. (he / move / it)
5/ We haven’t got any new videos. ( we / watch / all these)
Bài 3: Viết lại các câu bằng cách dùng động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
Laura: How is the painting going? Have you finished? (you / finish)
Trevor: No, I haven’t. Painting the ceiling is really difficult, you know. (1) … (I / not/ do) very much. And it looks just the same as before. This new paint (2) … (not / make) any difference.
Laura: (3) …(you / not / put) enough on.
Trevor: (4) … (I / hurt) my back. I feels bad.
Laura: Oh, you and your back. You mean (5) … (you /have) enough of decorating. Well, I’ll do it. Where (6) … (you / put) the brush?
Trevor: I don’t know. (7) … (it / disappear). (8) … (I / look) for it, but I can’t find it.
Laura: You’re hopeless, aren’t you? How much (9) … (you / do) in here? Nothing! (10) … (I / paint) two doors.
Trevor: (11) … (I/ clean) all this old paint around the window. It looks much better now, doesn’t it?
Laura: (12) … (we / make) some progress, I suppose. Now, where (13) … (that brush / go)? Oh, (14) … (you / leave) it on the ladder, look.
Bài 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì HTHT.
1. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.
2. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).
3. I (turn)……….. the heating on. It’ll soon get warm in here.
4. ……..they (pay)…….. money for your mother yet?
5. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.
6. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.
7. ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?
8. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.
9. I (work)………….. here for three years.
10. ………… you ever …………..(be) in New York?
11. You (not/do) ………….your project yet, I suppose.
12. I (just/ see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about half of the plan.
13. I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.
14. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
15. She (not/ have) ……………any fun a long time.
16. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
17. I’d better have a shower. I (not/ have)………. one since Thursday.
18. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/ see)…………. each other for five years.
19. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
20. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
21. How long…….. (you/ know)………. each other?
22. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?
23. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?
24. He (live) ………….here all his life..
25. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?
26. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.
27. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
28. She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.
29. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.
30. School (not, start)……………..yet.
Bài 5: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1. She has never drunk whisky before.
....................................................................................
2. He has never known me before.
....................................................................................
3. This is the first time we’ve visited Ha Long Bay.
.....................................................................................
4. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
.....................................................................................
5. I last had my hair cut when I left her.
.....................................................................................
6. It is a long time since we last met.
.....................................................................................
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
1. have not work
2. We (buy).....have bought.........a new lamp.
3. We (not / plan).....haven't planned.........our holiday yet.
4. Where have you been (be / you) ?
5. He (write)......has written........for five letters.
6. She (not / see)......hasn't seen........him for a long time.
7. (be / you)......Have you been........at school?
8. School (not / start)....hasn't started..........yet.
9. (speak / he)..Has he spoken............to his boss?
10. No, he (have / not)..hasn't had............the time yet.
Bài 2:
1) She has repaired it.
2) I have opened the window.
3) They have arrived.
4) He has moved it.
5) We have watched all these.
Bài 3
1) I haven’t done 2) hasn’t made
3) You haven’t put 4) I have hurt
5) you have had 6) have you put
7) It has disappeared 8) I have looked
9) have you done 10) I have painted
11) I have cleaned 12) We have made
13) has that brush gone 14) you have left
Bài 4:
1. have made/ 've made 16. hasn't played
2. has started./ 's started. 17. haven't had
3. have turned/ 've turned 18. haven't seen
4. Have they paid 19. have...realized/ 've ... realized
5. has taken/ 's taken 20. have gone
6. have finished/ 've finished 21. have...known
7. Have...eaten 22. Have...taken
8. hasn't come 23. has eaten/ 's eaten
9. have worked/ 've worked 24. has lived/ 's lived
10. Have....been 25. has lost
11. haven't done 26. have...left - has left/ 's left
12. have just seen/ 've just seen - has...done 27. have bought/ 've bought
13. have...decided 28. has written/ 's written
14. has been/ 's been 29. have finished/ 've finished
15. hasn't had 30. hasn't started
Bài 5:
1. It is/ This is the first time she has ever drunk whisky.
2. It is/ This isthe first time he has ever known me.
3. We've never visited Ha Long Bay before.
4. She hasn't kissed me for 5 months./ She hasn't kissed me since 5 months ago.
5. I haven't had my hair cut since I left her.
6. We haven't met for a long time.